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排序方式: 共有251条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
241.
公众个体是环境治理的重要主体之一,但缺乏参与路径与信息、参与形式单一等是公众参与程度偏低的重要原因。因此,研究公众参与路径与模式选择对丰富治理理论及提升公众参与效果具有重要意义。本文基于治理理论的三种研究观点及社会治理主体视角,将公众参与路径划分为政府维度的行政力量主导型、社会维度的第三部门力量主导型、基层自治力量主导型、传播和宣传力量主导型,以及自身力量主导型等五种路径;并从环境治理体系和参与路径网络中各主体的角色定位出发,进一步优化路径选择,提出线上及线下结合的赋权型参与策略,以期提高公众个体参与的主动性和有效性,促进治理理论的本土化发展。 相似文献
242.
选取张家口市北新屯地区蔬菜种植基地为研究区,分为重点区和区域范围以及上游地区,共采集表层土壤样品132件,垂向土壤剖面16条,地表剖面3组,彩椒果实、紫甘蓝果实和玉米果实样品各4件,在分析土壤、岩石和作物样品的Sc、 Cr、 Mo、 Cd、 V、 Zn、 Sr、 Pb、 Co、 Ni、 Cu、 Ge和REE等元素基础上,通过所参照的锗富集标准,发现区域富锗率不高(19.7%),而重点区富锗率较高(52%).区域范围和重点区土壤中Ge与稀土元素呈现较为明显的空间分布一致性,进一步对比土壤与作物中Ge和稀土元素相关性特征发现,稀土含量排序为:紫甘蓝>彩椒>玉米,而Ge吸收强度排序为:玉米(微弱吸收)>紫甘蓝(极弱吸收)>彩椒(极弱吸收),作物对Ge和稀土元素的吸收并没有明显的协同性.通过对研究区土壤28种元素和指标的PMF和RDA分析表明,区域Ge的来源以天然地质背景因素为主(66.3%),人为活动影响因素(27%)和大气干湿沉降因素(6.7%)为辅,重点区Ge的来源以天然地质背景因素(33.8%)和人为活动影响因素(27.2%)为主,大气干湿沉降因素(18.5%)... 相似文献
243.
Zhan Wang Chongyang Shen Yichun Du Yulong Zhang Baoguo Li 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(5):79
244.
Transport of engineered antibiotic resistance plasmids in porous media has been reported to potentially cause significant spreading of antibiotic resistance in the environment. In this work, transport of an indigenous resistance plasmid pK5 in porous media was investigated through packed column experiments. At identical ionic strengths in CaCl2 solutions, the breakthroughs of pK5 from soil columns were very close to those from quartz sand columns, indicating that transport of pK5 in quartz sand and soil was similar. A similarity in transport behavior was also found between pK5 and an engineered plasmid pBR322 that has approximately the same number of base pairs as pK5. The influence of surfactants, a major group of constituents in soil solutions, was examined using an engineered plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)/myc-His A. The impact of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), was negligible at concentrations up to 200 mg·L–1. Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), a cationic surfactant, was found to significantly enhance plasmid adsorption at high concentrations. However, at environmentally relevant concentrations (<1 mg·L–1), the effect of this surfactant was also minimal. The negligible impact of surfactants and the similarity between the transport of engineered and indigenous plasmids indicate that under environmentally relevant conditions, indigenous plasmids in soil also have the potential to transport over long distances and lead to the spreading of antibiotic resistance. 相似文献
245.
为明确太湖不同湖区CH4释放特征与释放潜力差异,采用水-气界面甲烷排放通量测定和室内厌氧培养,结合沉积物理化因子对太湖沉积物CH4释放特征及其释放潜力差异进行研究。结果表明,不同湖区水-气界面CH4排放通量存在显著差异;不同湖区、不同深度沉积物中CH4释放潜力也存在明显差异,且CH4释放潜力与含水率和总有机碳呈正相关,与盐度呈负相关;太湖沉积物产CH4潜力最大的途径为甲基途径,且主要集中在沉积物10~35cm深度。由此可知,太湖是CH4排放的净产生源,含水率、有机质和盐度等环境因子的差异以及沉积物深度均会影响沉积物甲烷排放和释放潜力,从而对太湖沉积系统的碳循环以及局部气候变化产生重要影响。 相似文献
246.
247.
环境雌激素(Environmental Estrogens, EEs)种类繁多、来源多样且分布广泛,大量工业添加剂、食品添加剂和农药类物质已被证实具有雌激素活性。EEs对人体生殖、神经、免疫等系统生物毒性,已经引起了公众的普遍关注。近年来的研究表明,EEs不仅可以结合雌激素核受体(nuclear Estrogen Receptor, nER)干扰正常的雌激素基因组信号通路,还能活化雌激素膜受体(membrane Estrogen Receptor, mER)引发快速的雌激素非基因组信号转导途径。本文总结了EEs通过nER、mER介导的多种雌激素基因组和非基因组信号途径及其产生的生物学效应,综述了在其毒理学作用机理基础上发展的环境样品的雌激素活性评估和EEs混合物的联合作用研究,以期为该类污染物的筛查、风险评估和进一步的机制研究提供参考。 相似文献
248.
249.
Ecological network and emergy analysis of urban metabolic systems: Model development,and a case study of four Chinese cities 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Analysis of the structure and function of urban metabolic systems is an important goal of urban research. We used network pathways and network utility analysis to analyze the basic network structure of the urban metabolic system and the complex ecological relationships within the system, providing a new way to perform such research. Using four Chinese cities as examples, we developed an ecological network model of the urban metabolic system. By using network pathway analysis, we studied the changing relationships between metabolic length and the number of metabolic pathways, and between metabolic length and reachability. Based on the distribution of the number of metabolic pathways, we describe the basic structure and intercompartment relationships of the system. By using the sign distribution in the network utility matrix, we determined the ecological relationships and degree of mutualism between the compartments of the system. The basic components of the system consisted of the internal environment, the external environment, and the agricultural, industrial, and domestic sectors. With increasing metabolic length, the ecological relationships among the components of the system became more diverse, and the numbers of metabolic paths and their reachability improved. Although the basic network structure of the four cities was identical, the mutualism index differed. Beijing's mutualism index was superior to that of Shanghai, and much higher than those of Tianjin and Chongqing. By analyzing the structure and function of the urban metabolic system, we provide suggestions for optimizing the structure and adjusting the relationships, and propose methods for the application of ecological network analysis in future urban system research. 相似文献
250.
Philip E. Hulme 《Conservation biology》2022,36(2):e13817
Invasive non-native species are important drivers of ecosystem change, yet the driving forces of biological invasions themselves are poorly understood. Such information is essential to ensure policies focus on the most relevant drivers, and that future scenarios capture the full range of potential outcomes for invasive non-native species. I carried out a bibliometric analysis of articles published from 2000 to 2020 that address either invasive non-native species or biodiversity and ecosystem services and that also mention 1 or more drivers of ecosystem change. I examined 5 indirect drivers (demographic, economic, governance, sociocultural, and technological) and 6 direct drivers (climate change, invasive non-native species, land-use or sea-use change, natural hazards, pollution, and resource extraction). Using the Web of Science core collection of citation indexes, I undertook searches of article titles and keywords and retrieved 27,462 articles addressing invasive non-native species and 110,087 articles dealing with biodiversity or ecosystem services. Most research to date on biological invasions as well as on biodiversity and ecosystem services has focused on anthropogenic direct drivers of ecosystem change rather than indirect drivers. Yet currently, less than 18% of articles addressing biological invasions examined drivers of ecosystem change, a similar level to that found over 20 years ago for biodiversity or ecosystem services. Knowledge of the drivers of biological invasions is limited, emphasizes tractable drivers over those that require an interdisciplinary approach, and is biased toward developed economies. Drivers generally deemed important for biological invasions, such as governance and resource extraction, accounted for less than 2% of research effort. The absence of a systematic understanding of the forces that drive invasive non-native species and how they interact means that attempts to mitigate or forecast biological invasions are likely to fail. To address biological invasions requires a much better orientation of national and international research on drivers in relation to both their actual importance as well as their policy relevance. 相似文献